Understanding Attention: Two Ways Your Mind Focuses

Attention = Concentration of Awareness

Attention is the ability to concentrate our awareness on a particular phenomenon, activity, or goal while other stimuli receive less attention.

Understanding how attention works can help us study better, make thoughtful decisions, and move towards our goals with greater clarity.

1. Endogenous Attention: Focus from Within

Endogenous attention is voluntary and goal-driven. It is guided by our intentions, plans, and conscious choices. This is also called top-down attention.

Examples:

• Concentrating on your studies despite distractions.
• Focusing on a personal or professional goal.
• Selecting relevant information while learning.

2. Exogenous Attention: Focus Triggered from Outside

Exogenous attention is involuntary and stimulus-driven. It is triggered by noticeable events in our surroundings, such as a sudden sound, a bright flash, or unexpected movement. This is also called bottom-up attention.

Examples:

• Turning towards a sudden loud sound.
• Noticing a bird moving unexpectedly.
• Looking towards a flashing light.

Both types of attention are important. Exogenous attention helps us notice changes in our environment, while endogenous attention helps us direct our focus towards what matters to us.

How Can the Kalpdroom® Science System Help?

Our attention can shift between our goals and the many stimuli around us. Developing awareness of this process may help us recognise distractions and practise redirecting our focus towards meaningful priorities.

The Kalpdroom® Science System, developed within the Yujom® initiative, aims to support individuals in working with their awareness and attention in relation to their goals.

Kalpdroom® System can be helpful in transforming attention towards your goals.

The journey begins with awareness, develops through focus and clarity, and continues through purposeful action.

Yujom® — Awaken the Fivefold Self

Explore more at www.yujom.com.

Electrical Stimulation of the Pons–Midbrain Junction: Understanding the Reticular Activating System

The Brain’s Wakefulness and Arousal System

Wakefulness is not simply the absence of sleep. It is an active brain state supported by specialized neural systems that maintain alertness, arousal, attention, and consciousness.

One important system involved in this process is the Reticular Activating System (RAS), associated with the brainstem and particularly the pons–midbrain region.

What Happens When the Pons–Midbrain Region Is Stimulated?

Experimental research has shown that electrical stimulation near the pons–midbrain junction can produce wakefulness and arousal.

The basic relationship can be remembered as:

Electrical stimulation → Reticular Activating System (RAS) → Increased arousal → Wakefulness

The RAS is not a single small structure but a functional network of neurons within the brainstem and related ascending pathways. It helps activate and maintain widespread brain activity necessary for an alert state.

What Is the Reticular Activating System?

The Reticular Activating System (RAS) refers to neural systems involved in regulating the brain’s level of arousal and wakefulness.

Its functions include:

• Maintaining wakefulness and alertness
• Supporting arousal
• Modulating the brain’s response to sensory information
• Helping regulate transitions between sleep and wakefulness
• Supporting the level of cortical activation necessary for conscious awareness

Why Is the RAS Important?

Imagine receiving an important sound while you are becoming drowsy. The brain must determine whether to remain in a low-arousal state or become more alert.

The ascending arousal systems of the brainstem help provide this activation to broader brain networks.

Therefore, the RAS can be understood as part of the brain’s “wake-up and alerting system.”

Pons–Midbrain Junction and Wakefulness

The pons and midbrain are parts of the brainstem. Neural systems in and around these regions contribute importantly to arousal.

This is why the classic experimental finding is significant:

Stimulation near the pons–midbrain junction can promote wakefulness and arousal.

This observation helped neuroscientists understand that maintaining consciousness and wakefulness requires active neural systems, rather than simply the passive absence of sleep.

🧠 Exam Point

For neuroscience and sleep-related examinations, remember:

Pons–midbrain stimulation → Reticular Activating System → Wakefulness & Arousal

Quick Memory Trick

RAS = “Rise and Stay Awake” ⏰🧠

R → Reticular
A → Activating
S → System

Key takeaway: The Reticular Activating System is a major component of the neural machinery supporting wakefulness, arousal, and alertness.

Global Workspace Theory: How the Brain Creates Consciousness

Global Workspace Theory (GWT) is an influential theory in cognitive neuroscience that explains how information may become part of our conscious experience.

Our brain continuously processes a huge amount of information. Much of this processing occurs without conscious awareness. According to GWT, information becomes conscious when it is globally broadcast across a widespread network of brain systems.

How Does the Global Workspace Work?

Think of the brain as having many specialized systems. Different systems process information related to vision, hearing, memory, attention, language, decision-making, and action.

When particular information receives sufficient attention and becomes globally available, it can be accessed by multiple systems at the same time.

For example, when you see a familiar person:

Visual information → Attention → Global broadcasting → Conscious recognition

Once the information becomes globally available, it can interact with memory, language, reasoning, decision-making, and behavior.

Consciousness as Global Availability

The central idea of GWT can be expressed simply:

Consciousness occurs when information becomes globally available to multiple brain systems.

This helps explain why some information reaches our conscious awareness while other information is processed without us being consciously aware of it.

For example, you may be surrounded by many sounds, but when someone calls your name, that particular information may capture your attention and become available for conscious processing.

Why Is GWT Important?

Global Workspace Theory provides a framework for understanding the relationship between attention, perception, memory, language, action, and consciousness.

It also highlights an important idea: consciousness may not depend on activity in a single isolated brain region. Instead, conscious processing may involve communication and information sharing across multiple brain systems.

Key Takeaway

Global Workspace Theory proposes that information becomes conscious when it is globally broadcast across the brain’s workspace, making it available to multiple systems for thinking, memory, communication, and action.

🧠 Global broadcasting → Global availability → Conscious experience

Neocortex: The Brain’s Center for Higher Cognitive Functions

The neocortex is the outer layer of the cerebral cortex and one of the most important parts of the human brain. It plays a major role in higher cognitive functions such as thinking, reasoning, perception, language, planning, decision-making, and voluntary movement.

The neocortex is organized into six layers of neurons and covers most of the cerebral hemispheres. Different areas of the neocortex are specialized for different functions. For example, the frontal lobe is strongly involved in planning and decision-making, the parietal lobe contributes to sensory processing and spatial functions, the temporal lobe is important for auditory processing and memory-related functions, and the occipital lobe is primarily involved in visual processing.

Neocortex and Primates

The neocortex is present in primates, including monkeys, apes, and humans. However, it has undergone substantial expansion during human evolution. Humans have a particularly extensive neocortex relative to other primates, supporting the complex cognitive abilities characteristic of our species.

Why Is the Neocortex Important?

Our ability to understand language, solve complex problems, plan for the future, recognize patterns, make decisions, and interact in sophisticated social environments depends heavily on networks involving the neocortex.

In simple terms, the neocortex helps the brain process information, understand the world, and support complex thought and behavior.

Key takeaway:
🧠 Neocortex → Higher cognition → Thinking • Language • Perception • Planning • Reasoning

Understanding the neocortex provides an important foundation for understanding human cognition, behavior, learning, and consciousness.

Imagination During Yujom® DreamSleep®

Imagination is Not Limited to Visual Images

When people hear the word “imagination,” they often think only about visual images — pictures, scenes, colors, shapes, or faces appearing in the mind. However, mental imagery is not limited to sight or vision. Human imagination can also include sound, touch, taste, smell, emotion, memory, and inner feeling.

During Yujom® DreamSleep®, imagination may become a gentle inner space where the participant observes, experiences, and reorganizes subtle impressions of the mind. This is not about forcing fantasy or creating unrealistic dreams. It is about allowing the mind to become calm, aware, receptive, and inwardly creative.

Different Forms of Mental Imagery

Mental imagery can appear through different senses:

Visual imagery means seeing something in the mind.
For example, imagining a peaceful sky, a light, a symbol, a place, or a meaningful inner scene.

Auditory imagery means hearing something mentally.
For example, remembering the tune of a song, hearing a calming instruction, or mentally experiencing a peaceful sound.

Tactile imagery means imagining touch or physical sensation.
For example, feeling the softness of cotton, the coolness of water, or the relaxation of the body.

Gustatory imagery means imagining taste.
For example, remembering the taste of mango, lemon, or any familiar food.

Olfactory imagery means imagining smell.
For example, remembering the fragrance of perfume, flowers, rain, or food.

In simple words, imagination is not only a mental picture. It can be an inner experience of sound, touch, taste, smell, emotion, and awareness.

DreamSleep® and Inner Awareness

Yujom® DreamSleep® is a guided inner-wellness and awareness-oriented practice. During the session, the participant may lie down in a relaxed posture and follow guided instructions with attention and receptivity.

As the body relaxes and the mind becomes quieter, inner impressions may become clearer. A person may notice thoughts, images, memories, feelings, body sensations, or subtle emotional movements. DreamSleep® can help the participant observe these inner experiences without hurry, pressure, or judgment.

This inner observation is important because many people live only through outer activity. They study, work, speak, react, and decide continuously, but they rarely observe what is happening inside the mind, emotion, and awareness. DreamSleep® creates a supportive space for this inner observation.

Imagination as Inner Education

In Yujom® DreamSleep®, imagination can become a part of inner education. When imagination is guided with awareness, it may help a person develop clarity, calmness, sensitivity, self-reflection, and positive inner direction.

For students, imagination may support focus, learning, creativity, and mental freshness.
For working professionals, it may support relaxation, decision clarity, and emotional balance.
For wellness seekers, it may support inner peace, positive feeling, and conscious daily living.

Imagination becomes powerful when it is connected with awareness. Without awareness, imagination may become random daydreaming. With awareness, imagination can become a tool for self-observation, learning, healing of attitude, and conscious transformation.

Kalpdroom® Science System and Imagination

The Kalpdroom® Science System supports the integrated development of mind, intellect, emotion, awareness, and conscious living. It encourages a person to observe inner processes and use them meaningfully in day-to-day life.

In this context, imagination is not treated as mere fantasy. It is seen as an inner faculty that can help connect thoughts, feelings, memories, symbols, goals, and possibilities. A guided imagination process can help the participant move from scattered mental activity toward organized inner awareness.

Through DreamSleep® and the Kalpdroom® Science System, imagination may become more disciplined, meaningful, and life-supporting. It can help a person gently ask:

What am I feeling inside?
What kind of inner images or impressions are shaping my response?
What sound, memory, touch, or feeling is connected with my present state?
How can I move toward calmness, clarity, balance, and conscious action?

A Practice of Calm, Awareness and Inner Growth

Yujom® DreamSleep® does not require a person to create complicated images or force any special experience. The practice is simple: relax, listen, observe, feel, and remain gently aware.

As the participant continues the practice, imagination may become more refined. The mind may learn to rest, reorganize, and respond with more balance. Inner awareness may gradually become stronger.

This is why imagination during Yujom® DreamSleep® is not just about seeing something with closed eyes. It is about awakening a wider field of inner experience — sound, touch, taste, smell, feeling, memory, thought, and awareness.

Important Note

Yujom® DreamSleep® is a yogic, educational, reflective, and practice-oriented inner-wellness program. It is not a medical treatment, psychotherapy, clinical counselling, or cure for any disease. Experiences and benefits may vary from person to person. Terms and conditions apply.

Visual Thinking and the Kalpdroom® Science System

English

Visual thinking is an important ability for researchers, engineers, designers, and innovators. It helps a person mentally rotate, connect, compare, and reorganize different components before creating or testing them in the real world.

This ability is especially valuable in fields such as geometry, mechanisms, spatial systems, architecture, engineering design, product development, and three-dimensional thinking. A researcher with strong visual thinking can understand structures, imagine hidden relationships, and see how different parts may work together as a system.

Kalpdroom® Science System can support visual thinking by developing inner observation, reflective awareness, focused attention, and organized imagination. When the mind becomes calm and attentive, it becomes easier to hold a visual idea clearly, rotate it mentally, connect it with other ideas, and reorganize it creatively.

Through its AntahKaran® and consciousness-oriented approach, Kalpdroom® Science System encourages a person to observe not only outer objects, but also inner thought-patterns, mental images, emotional responses, and decision processes. This can help researchers move from scattered imagination toward structured creative visualization.

For a creative researcher, visual thinking is not only about seeing shapes. It is about understanding relationships, patterns, movement, proportion, direction, and possibility. Kalpdroom® Science System may help by strengthening the inner discipline needed to convert imagination into meaningful design, useful research, and conscious innovation.

Hindi

दृश्यात्मक चिंतन और Kalpdroom® Science System

Visual thinking यानी दृश्यात्मक चिंतन researchers, engineers, designers और innovators के लिए एक बहुत महत्वपूर्ण क्षमता है। यह व्यक्ति को किसी वस्तु, structure या system को मन में rotate करने, जोड़ने, compare करने और reorganize करने में सहायता करता है।

यह क्षमता geometry, mechanisms, spatial systems, architecture, engineering design, product development और three-dimensional thinking जैसे क्षेत्रों में विशेष रूप से उपयोगी होती है। मजबूत visual thinking वाला researcher किसी structure को बेहतर समझ सकता है, hidden relationships को पहचान सकता है, और यह देख सकता है कि अलग-अलग components मिलकर एक system के रूप में कैसे काम कर सकते हैं।

Kalpdroom® Science System इस क्षमता को inner observation, reflective awareness, focused attention और organized imagination के माध्यम से support कर सकता है। जब मन शांत और सजग होता है, तब किसी visual idea को स्पष्ट रूप से पकड़ना, उसे मन में घुमाना, अन्य ideas से जोड़ना और creatively reorganize करना आसान हो जाता है।

AntahKaran® और consciousness-oriented approach के माध्यम से Kalpdroom® Science System व्यक्ति को केवल बाहरी वस्तुओं का observation करने के लिए नहीं, बल्कि अपने inner thought-patterns, mental images, emotional responses और decision processes को भी देखने के लिए प्रेरित करता है। इससे researcher scattered imagination से structured creative visualization की ओर आगे बढ़ सकता है।

एक creative researcher के लिए visual thinking केवल shapes देखने की क्षमता नहीं है। यह relationships, patterns, movement, proportion, direction और possibility को समझने की क्षमता है। Kalpdroom® Science System imagination को meaningful design, useful research और conscious innovation में बदलने के लिए आवश्यक inner discipline को मजबूत करने में सहायक हो सकता है।

Gujarati

Visual Thinking અને Kalpdroom® Science System

Visual thinking એટલે દૃશ્યાત્મક વિચારશક્તિ. Researchers, engineers, designers અને innovators માટે આ ખૂબ મહત્વની ક્ષમતા છે. તે વ્યક્તિને કોઈ structure, object અથવા system ને મનમાં rotate કરવા, જોડવા, compare કરવા અને reorganize કરવામાં મદદ કરે છે.

આ ક્ષમતા geometry, mechanisms, spatial systems, architecture, engineering design, product development અને three-dimensional thinking જેવા ક્ષેત્રોમાં ખાસ ઉપયોગી બને છે. મજબૂત visual thinking ધરાવતો researcher કોઈ structure ને વધુ સારી રીતે સમજી શકે છે, hidden relationships ઓળખી શકે છે, અને જુદા-જુદા components એક system તરીકે કેવી રીતે કાર્ય કરી શકે તે કલ્પી શકે છે.

Kalpdroom® Science System આ ક્ષમતાને inner observation, reflective awareness, focused attention અને organized imagination દ્વારા support કરી શકે છે. જ્યારે મન શાંત, સ્થિર અને જાગૃત બને છે, ત્યારે કોઈ visual idea ને સ્પષ્ટ રીતે પકડી રાખવું, તેને મનમાં ફેરવવું, બીજા ideas સાથે જોડવું અને તેને creatively reorganize કરવું સરળ બને છે.

AntahKaran® અને consciousness-oriented approach દ્વારા Kalpdroom® Science System વ્યક્તિને ફક્ત બહારની વસ્તુઓનું observation કરવા માટે નહીં, પરંતુ પોતાના inner thought-patterns, mental images, emotional responses અને decision processes ને પણ જોવા માટે પ્રેરિત કરે છે. આથી researcher scattered imagination માંથી structured creative visualization તરફ આગળ વધી શકે છે.

Creative researcher માટે visual thinking માત્ર shapes જોવાની ક્ષમતા નથી. તે relationships, patterns, movement, proportion, direction અને possibility ને સમજવાની ક્ષમતા છે. Kalpdroom® Science System imagination ને meaningful design, useful research અને conscious innovation માં પરિવર્તિત કરવા માટે જરૂરી inner discipline મજબૂત કરવામાં મદદરૂપ બની શકે છે.

Creative Engineer: Intellectual Integrity, Meaningful Goals and the Kalpdroom® Science System

English

A creative engineer is not only a person who can design something technically clever. True creativity in engineering requires a meaningful direction. A technically impressive design may still be weak if it does not solve a useful problem, serve human life, or contribute to a larger constructive purpose.

Intellectual integrity begins with this simple question: Is the goal itself meaningful?
If the goal is shallow, misleading, harmful, or merely decorative, then even the most intelligent design cannot become truly valuable. Creativity must be guided by purpose, responsibility, and honest representation of the work.

In this sense, the creative engineer must balance three things:

1. Technical intelligence — the ability to design, build, test, and improve.
2. Purpose clarity — the ability to choose a meaningful and useful problem.
3. Intellectual honesty — the ability to represent the work without exaggeration, false claims, or confusion.

The Kalpdroom® Science System can be helpful in this direction because it focuses on the integrated development of mind, intellect, emotion, awareness, reflection, and conscious action. It encourages a person not only to ask, “Can I create this?” but also to ask, “Why should I create this?”, “Whom does it serve?”, and “Is this work aligned with a sound and beneficial goal?”

Through reflective inner education, Kalpdroom® Science System supports the development of clearer thinking, balanced emotion, ethical awareness, self-observation, and responsible decision-making. These qualities are essential for a creative engineer who wants to use intelligence not merely for novelty, but for meaningful contribution.

A creative engineer with intellectual integrity does not chase cleverness for its own sake. Such a person chooses problems carefully, understands the human and social context, remains honest about limitations, and directs creativity toward constructive transformation.

Therefore, Kalpdroom® Science System may serve as a supportive inner framework for engineers, innovators, researchers, students, and creators who wish to unite technical excellence with conscious purpose. It helps creativity become not only intelligent, but also responsible, useful, and life-supporting.

Hindi

क्रिएटिव इंजीनियर: बौद्धिक ईमानदारी, सार्थक लक्ष्य और Kalpdroom® Science System

एक क्रिएटिव इंजीनियर केवल वह व्यक्ति नहीं है जो तकनीकी रूप से चतुर या आकर्षक design बना सके। वास्तविक engineering creativity के लिए एक सार्थक दिशा आवश्यक है। कोई design तकनीकी रूप से बहुत प्रभावशाली हो सकता है, फिर भी यदि उसका लक्ष्य उपयोगी नहीं है, मानव जीवन की सहायता नहीं करता, या किसी रचनात्मक उद्देश्य में योगदान नहीं देता, तो उसका मूल्य सीमित हो जाता है।

बौद्धिक ईमानदारी की शुरुआत इस मूल प्रश्न से होती है: क्या लक्ष्य स्वयं सार्थक है?
यदि लक्ष्य सतही, भ्रामक, अहितकारी या केवल दिखावटी है, तो सबसे बुद्धिमान design भी वास्तविक अर्थ में मूल्यवान नहीं बन सकता। Creativity को उद्देश्य, जिम्मेदारी और कार्य की ईमानदार प्रस्तुति द्वारा दिशा मिलनी चाहिए।

इस दृष्टि से एक creative engineer को तीन बातों का संतुलन रखना चाहिए:

1. तकनीकी बुद्धिमत्ता — design करना, बनाना, test करना और सुधारना।
2. लक्ष्य की स्पष्टता — meaningful और उपयोगी समस्या चुनना।
3. बौद्धिक ईमानदारी — अपने कार्य को बिना अतिशयोक्ति, झूठे दावे या भ्रम के प्रस्तुत करना।

Kalpdroom® Science System इस दिशा में सहायक हो सकता है, क्योंकि यह मन, बुद्धि, भावना, जागरूकता, चिंतन और conscious action के समन्वित विकास पर केंद्रित है। यह व्यक्ति को केवल यह पूछने के लिए प्रेरित नहीं करता कि “क्या मैं यह बना सकता हूँ?”, बल्कि यह भी पूछने के लिए प्रेरित करता है कि “मुझे यह क्यों बनाना चाहिए?”, “यह किसके लिए उपयोगी है?”, और “क्या यह कार्य किसी sound और हितकारी लक्ष्य से जुड़ा है?”

Reflective inner education के माध्यम से Kalpdroom® Science System स्पष्ट सोच, भावनात्मक संतुलन, नैतिक जागरूकता, आत्म-अवलोकन और जिम्मेदार निर्णय-क्षमता के विकास में सहायता करता है। ये गुण उस creative engineer के लिए आवश्यक हैं जो intelligence का उपयोग केवल novelty के लिए नहीं, बल्कि meaningful contribution के लिए करना चाहता है।

बौद्धिक ईमानदारी वाला creative engineer केवल cleverness के पीछे नहीं भागता। वह समस्याओं को सावधानी से चुनता है, मानव और सामाजिक संदर्भ को समझता है, अपनी सीमाओं को ईमानदारी से स्वीकार करता है, और creativity को रचनात्मक परिवर्तन की दिशा में लगाता है।

इसलिए Kalpdroom® Science System engineers, innovators, researchers, students और creators के लिए एक supportive inner framework बन सकता है, जो technical excellence को conscious purpose के साथ जोड़ना चाहते हैं। यह creativity को केवल intelligent नहीं, बल्कि responsible, useful और life-supporting बनाने में सहायता करता है।

Gujarati

ક્રિએટિવ એન્જિનિયર: બૌદ્ધિક પ્રામાણિકતા, સાર્થક લક્ષ્ય અને Kalpdroom® Science System

ક્રિએટિવ એન્જિનિયર એટલે ફક્ત એવો વ્યક્તિ નહીં જે technically clever design બનાવી શકે. સાચી engineering creativity માટે અર્થપૂર્ણ દિશા જરૂરી છે. કોઈ design ટેક્નિકલ રીતે ખૂબ જ બુદ્ધિશાળી અથવા આકર્ષક હોઈ શકે, પરંતુ જો તેનો goal ઉપયોગી ન હોય, માનવજીવનને મદદરૂપ ન હોય, અથવા કોઈ રચનાત્મક હેતુ સાથે જોડાયેલો ન હોય, તો તે design સાચા અર્થમાં મૂલ્યવાન નથી બનતું.

બૌદ્ધિક પ્રામાણિકતાની શરૂઆત આ મૂળ પ્રશ્નથી થાય છે: લક્ષ્ય પોતે સાર્થક છે કે નહીં?
જો goal ઉપરછલ્લું, ભ્રામક, અહિતકારી અથવા માત્ર દેખાવ માટેનું હોય, તો સૌથી clever design પણ સાચી કિંમત ધરાવતું નથી. Creativity ને હેતુ, જવાબદારી અને કામની સાચી રજૂઆત દ્વારા દિશા મળવી જોઈએ.

આ દૃષ્ટિએ creative engineer માટે ત્રણ બાબતોનું સંતુલન જરૂરી છે:

1. ટેક્નિકલ બુદ્ધિ — design કરવું, બનાવવું, test કરવું અને સુધારવું.
2. લક્ષ્યની સ્પષ્ટતા — અર્થપૂર્ણ અને ઉપયોગી સમસ્યા પસંદ કરવી.
3. બૌદ્ધિક પ્રામાણિકતા — પોતાના કામને વધારાના દાવા, ભ્રમ અથવા ખોટી રજૂઆત વગર રજૂ કરવું.

Kalpdroom® Science System આ દિશામાં મદદરૂપ બની શકે છે, કારણ કે તે મન, બુદ્ધિ, ભાવના, જાગૃતિ, reflection અને conscious action ના સંકલિત વિકાસ પર કાર્ય કરે છે. તે વ્યક્તિને ફક્ત “હું આ બનાવી શકું છું?” એવો પ્રશ્ન પૂછવા માટે નહીં, પણ “હું આ શા માટે બનાવી રહ્યો છું?”, “આ કોને ઉપયોગી છે?”, અને “આ કાર્ય કોઈ sound અને હિતકારી goal સાથે જોડાયેલું છે કે નહીં?” જેવા પ્રશ્નો પૂછવા માટે પ્રેરિત કરે છે.

Reflective inner education દ્વારા Kalpdroom® Science System સ્પષ્ટ વિચાર, ભાવનાત્મક સંતુલન, નૈતિક જાગૃતિ, આત્મ-અવલોકન અને જવાબદાર નિર્ણયક્ષમતા વિકસાવવામાં સહાયક બની શકે છે. આ ગુણો એવા creative engineer માટે ખૂબ જરૂરી છે, જે intelligence નો ઉપયોગ ફક્ત novelty માટે નહીં, પરંતુ meaningful contribution માટે કરવા માંગે છે.

બૌદ્ધિક પ્રામાણિકતા ધરાવતો creative engineer માત્ર cleverness પાછળ દોડતો નથી. તે સમસ્યાઓને સાવચેતીથી પસંદ કરે છે, માનવ અને સામાજિક સંદર્ભને સમજે છે, પોતાની મર્યાદાઓને ઈમાનદારીથી સ્વીકારે છે, અને creativity ને રચનાત્મક પરિવર્તન તરફ દોરી જાય છે.

આથી Kalpdroom® Science System engineers, innovators, researchers, students અને creators માટે એક supportive inner framework બની શકે છે, જે technical excellence ને conscious purpose સાથે જોડવા માંગે છે. તે creativity ને માત્ર intelligent નહીં, પરંતુ responsible, useful અને life-supporting બનાવવામાં મદદરૂપ બને છે.

Problem solving (સમસ્યા ઉકેલવાની પ્રક્રિયા)

Helmholtz મુજબ, perception માત્ર આંખમાંથી મળેલી sensory informationની સીધી નકલ નથી. Sensory information ઘણી વખત અધૂરી અથવા ambiguous હોય છે. તેથી મગજ:

1. મળેલી sensory informationનું વિશ્લેષણ કરે છે,
2. ભૂતકાળના અનુભવનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે,
3. અચેતન અનુમાન કરે છે,
4. અને stimulusનું સૌથી સંભવિત કારણ નક્કી કરે છે.

આ પ્રક્રિયા સમસ્યા ઉકેલવા જેવી હોવાથી Helmholtzએ perceptionને problem solving સાથે સરખાવ્યું.

Incomplete sensory information + past experience + unconscious inference → most likely perception

Unconscious assumptions about the environment

According to Helmholtz’s theory of unconscious inference, sensory information received by our eyes is often incomplete or ambiguous. The brain therefore uses past experience and unconscious assumptions about the environment to construct the most likely perception.

For example, when one object partly covers another, we usually perceive the covered object as complete rather than as separate fragments.

Sensory information + past experience + unconscious assumptions → perception

पर्यावरण के बारे में अचेतन धारणाएँ
(Unconscious assumptions about the environment)

Helmholtz के अचेतन अनुमान के सिद्धांत (Theory of Unconscious Inference) के अनुसार, हमारी आँखों को मिलने वाली sensory information अक्सर अधूरी या अस्पष्ट होती है। इसलिए मस्तिष्क पिछले अनुभवों और पर्यावरण के बारे में बनी अचेतन धारणाओं के आधार पर सबसे संभावित perception का निर्माण करता है।

उदाहरण: जब एक वस्तु का कुछ भाग दूसरी वस्तु से ढका होता है, तब भी हम उस ढकी हुई वस्तु को अलग-अलग टूटे हुए टुकड़ों के रूप में नहीं, बल्कि एक पूर्ण वस्तु के रूप में देखते हैं।

संवेदी जानकारी + पिछला अनुभव + अचेतन धारणाएँ → प्रत्यक्षीकरण (Perception)

Helmholtzની theory of unconscious inference પ્રમાણે, આંખને મળતી sensory information ઘણી વખત અધૂરી અથવા ambiguous હોય છે. તેથી મગજ ભૂતકાળના અનુભવ અને પર્યાવરણ વિશેની અજાણતાં થતી ધારણાઓના આધારે સૌથી સંભવિત perception બનાવે છે.

ઉદાહરણ: કોઈ વસ્તુનો થોડો ભાગ બીજી વસ્તુથી ઢંકાયેલો હોય, છતાં આપણે તેને બે તૂટેલા ભાગ તરીકે નહીં, પરંતુ પાછળ રહેલી એક સંપૂર્ણ વસ્તુ તરીકે perceive કરીએ છીએ.

Unconscious inference = sensory information + past experience + unconscious assumptions → perception